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Table of Contents:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Section 1:
Pathophysiology of OSA
Section 2:
Consequences of OSA
Section 3:
Methods of Testing and Evaluation
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment
Section 4:
Oral Appliance Therapy
Section 5:
CPAP
Section 6:
Surgery
Section 1: Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Remmers, J, et al.: Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. Journal Applied Physiology 44:931-938, 1978.
Journal of Applied Physiology:
http://jap.physiology.org
Horner, R, et al.: Pharyngeal size and shape furing wakefulness and sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. QJM 72:719-735, 1989
Qatar Medical Journal:
http://qjmed.oupjournals.org
Hudgel, D, Surratt, P: The human airway during sleep. In Saunders, NA, Sullivan, CE (eds): Sleep and Breathing, ed 2. New York, Marcel, Dekker, Inc., 1994, page 191-208. Journal of Sleep and Breathing:
http://www.thieme.com/slb
Isono, S, Remmers, J: Anatomy and physiology of upper airway obstruction. Kryger, MH, Roth, T, Dement, WC (eds): Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, ed 2. London, WB, Saunders, 1994, pages 632-656
Isono, S, et al.: Anatomy of pharynx in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and in normal subjects. Journal of Applied Physiology 82:1319-1326, 1997. Journal of Applied Physiology:
http://jap.physiology.org
Section 2: Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Stuart F. Quan, MD; Bernard J. Gersh, MBChB, DPhil, (Arizona Respiratory and Sleep Centers, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Ariz (S.F.Q); and the Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.) Report of a Workshop From the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Cardiovascular Consequences of Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Past, Present and Future, (Circulation 2004;109:951-957.)
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/109/8/951
Block, A, et al.: Sleep apnea, hypopnea, and oxygen desaturation in normal subjects. New England Journal of Medicine, 300:513-517,1979 The New England Journal of Medicine:
http://content.nejm.org
He, J, et al.: Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea. Experience in 385 male patients. Chest 94:9-14, 1988 Chest: The Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care Journal:
http://www.chestjournal.org
Findley, L, et al.: Automobile accidents involving patients with obstructive sleep apnea. American Review of Respiratory Disease 138:337-340,1988 American Review of Respiratory Disease:
Http://www.agrccm.org
D'Alessandro R, et al.: Snoring every night as a risk factor for myocardial infarction: a case-control study. BMJ 300: 1557-1558, 1990. British Medical Journal:
http://bmj.bmjournals.com
Findley, L, et al.:Drivers with untreated sleep apnea. A cause of death and seriour injury. Archives Internal Medicine 151:1451-1452, 1991. Archives of Internal Medicine:
http://archinte.ama-assn.org
Shepard, J: Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and stroke in relation to obstructive sleep apnea. Clinics in Chest Medicine 13:435-458, 1992. Clinics in Chest Medicine:
http://authors.elsevier.com/JournalDetail.html?PubID=623356&Precis=DESC
Young, T, et al.: The occurrence of sleep disordered breathing in middle-aged adults. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1230-1235, 1993. The New England Journal of Medicine:
http://content.nejm.org
Hla, K, et al.: Sleep apnea and hypertension. A population-based study. Annals of Internal Medicine 120:382-388, 1994. Annals of Internal Medicine:
http://www.annals.org
Ashland, R: Sleep and cardiac diseases amongst elderly people. Journal Internal Medince 236:65-68,1994 Journal of Internal Medicine:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com
Carlson, J, et al.: High prevalence of hypertension in sleep apnea patients independent of obesity. American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 150:72-77, 1994. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine: http://agrccm.atsjournals.org
Briones, B, et al.: Relationship between general health status, sleepiness and sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med 151:A104, 1995 American Review of Respiratory Disease:
http://www.ajrccm.org
Lavie, P, et al.: Mortality in sleep apnea patients: a multivariate analysis or risk factors. Sleep 18:149-157, 1995. Journal Sleep:
http://www.journalsleep.org
Young, T, et al.: Population-based study of sleep disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension. Archives Internal Medicine 157:1746-1752, 1997. Archives of Internal Medicine:
http://archinte.ama-assn.org
Bliwise, D, et al.: Sleep apnea and mortality in an aged cohort. American Journal of Public Health 78:544-547, 1998 American Journal of Public Health:
http://www.ajph.org
Section 3: Methods of Testing and Evaluation
Katsantonis, G, et al.: Determining the site of upper airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea with airway pressure monitoring. Laryngoscope 103:1126-1131, 1993.
http://www.laryngoscope.com
Golpe, R et al.: Utility of home oximetry as a screening test for patients with moderate to severe symptoms of OSA. Sleep 22:932-937, 1999.
http://www.journalsleep.org
Mykytyn, I, et al.: Portable computerized polysomnography in attended and unattended settings. Chest 115:114-122 1999.
http://www.chestjourna.org
American Thoracic Society indications and standards for cardiopulmonary sleep studies. Am Review of Respiratory Disease 139:559-568, 1989.
http://www.ajrccm.org
Section 4: Oral Appliance Therapy
Schmidt-Nowara, W, et al.: Treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with a dental orthosis. Chest 99: 1478-1385, 1991
Clark, G, et al.: Effect of anterior mandiublar position on obstructive sleep apnea. American Review of Respiratory Disease 147:624-629, 1993
Parker, J: Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: treatment with oral appliances. Northwest Dentistry 74:17-25, 1995.
Ferguson, K, et al.: A randomized crossover study of an oral appliance versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 109: 1269-75, 1996.
Clark, G: Mandibular advancement devices and sleep disordered breathing. Sleep Medicine Review 2:163-174, 1998.
Yoshida, K: effects of a mandibular advancement device for the treatment of sleep apnea syndrome and snoring on respiratory function and sleep quality. J Cranio Practice 18:98-105, 2000
Lowe, A.: Oral appliances for sleep breathing disorders. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, Third Ed., Kryger, M, Roth, T, Dement, W,k (Eds.) W.B. Saunders Co., pp929-939, 2000
Marklund, M., et al.: Mandibular advancement devices in 630 men and women with obstructive sleep apnea and snoring: Tolerability and predictors of treatment success. Chest 125 1270-1278, 2004
Gotsopoulos, H, et al.: Oral ap pliance therapy improves symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized, controlled trial. Am J Respiratory Crit Care Medicine 168(5): 743-748, 2002
Section 5: CPAP
Berthon-Jones, M, et al.: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment: current realities and future. Sleep 19(9 supplement):S131-135, 1996.
www.journalsleep.org
Alex, C, et al.: Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on upper airway and respiratory muscle activity. J Applied Physiology 62:2026-2030, 1987.
www.jap.physiology.org
Strohl, K, et al.: Nasal CPAP therapy, upper airway activation and obstructive sleep apnea. Am Review of Respiratory Disease 134:555-585, 1986.
www.ajrccm.org
Section 6: Surgery
Prinsell, JR: Maxillomandibular advancement surgery in a site-specific treatment approach for obstructive sleep apnea in 50 consecutive patients. Chest 116 (6):1519-29, Dec 1999.
www.chestjournal.org
Larsson, L, et al.: Four-year follow-up after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in fifty unselected patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 104:1362-1368,1994.
www.laryngoscope.com
Riley, RW; Powell, NB: Li, K: Troell, RJ; Guilleminault, C: Surgery and obstructive sleep apnea: long term clinical outcomes. Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery 122(3):415-21, March 2000.
http://archotol.ama-assn.org/
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